• Ascorbyl Glucoside is a stable form of Vitamin C that does not easily oxidize. It shares the same physiological activation mechanism as ordinary Vitamin C (L-Ascorbic acid). This form exerts a sustained action on the skin, bringing about remarkable effects not only in improving discoloration and freckles, but also in stimulating collagen production to prevent the aging of skin.

• Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate (MAP) is a water-soluble, non-irritating, stable derivative of Vitamin C. It has the same benefits as vitamin C to boost skin collagen synthesis but is effective in significantly lower concentrations. It is also important to note that Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate may be a better choice than Vitamin C for people with sensitive skin and those wishing to avoid any exfoliating effects since many Vitamin C formulas are highly acidic.

• Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate (MAP) is also used for UV protection and repair, collagen production, skin lightening and brightening, and as an anti-inflammatory. It is also a potent antioxidant. It is considered an excellent non-irritating skin whitening agent that inhibits skin cells to produce melanin and lightens age spots, and is a great alternative to hydroquinone.

• Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate (SAP) is not activated until absorbed into the skin, where it converts to Ascorbic Acid and is effective in fighting the damage of free radicals and suppressing the oxidation of lipids. It also has been shown to improve acne and acne scarring

• Niacinamide referred to as vitamin B13, niacinamide improves the skin’s natural moisture barrier which helps with the natural production of collagen. It also strengthens the outermost layer of skin, the stratum corneum, and increases the rate of skin surface renewal to help deliver a brighter skin tone, reverse the appearance of past skin damage such as discoloration, and the look of enlarged pores.

• Hyaluronic Acid plays a vital role in cell hydration and is able to attract and bind water in the skin. Its unparalleled hydrating properties results in increased smoothness, softening and decreased wrinkles.

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